Information re. Confocal Microscopes


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Confocal Assistant

A free program called "Confocal Assistant" (for PC only) will read the BioRad PIC files. This program can manipulate your confocal images to some degree, and more importantly "Save As" your image in a file format compatible to other software, such as Adobe Photoshop (TIFF, JPG, GIF, etc.).

Confocal Assistant can be downloaded as an installable file by clicking on GET CONFOCAL ASSISTANT.

Other free image processing software (for PC, MAC and UNIX) is available at
3D Laser Confocal Microscopy, Software and other information


BioRad and Multiphoton pages

General Information


Companies and Microscopes


Available Lasers and their Excitation Wavelength Lines

Krypton/Argon 15mW		488	568	647
Krypton/Argon 60mW		488	568	647
Argon 25mW			488	514	
Argon 100mW			457/488	514	
Argon 250mW(UV-VIS)	351/363	488	514	
He Cadmium 10mW		325	422		
He Neon Green 1mW			543	
He Neon Red 10mW				633

Note: Information was taken from the BioRad Confocal information booklet. The UV line for the HeCad laser is not noted in the BioRad booklet. It is from Cell Biological Applications of Confocal Microscopy, Edited by Brian Matsumoto, p. 122, Vol 38 Methods in Cell Biology, 1993, Academic Press (ISBN 0-12-480430-6).

Table of Fluorochromes

Listed by Excitation Wavelength
FLUOROCHROME                                      EXCITATION    EMISSION

Diamino Phenyl Oxydiazole (DAO)                		280	460
Stilbene                                       		335	440
Dans (1-Dimethyl Amino Naphaline 5 Sulphonic Acid)	340	525
Dansyl NH-CH3 in water                         		340	578
Dopamine                                       		340	490-520
Noradrenaline                                  		340  	490-520
Hoechst 33258 (bound to DNA)                   		346	460
Aminocoumarin                                  		350	445
DAPI                                           		350	470
Indo-1                                         		350	405-482
Thioflavin TCN                                 		350	460
Granular Blue                                  		355	425
Bisbenzamide                                   		360	600-610
Intrawhite Cf Liquid                           		360	430
Phorwite AR Solution                           		360	430
MPS (Methyl Green Pyronine Stilbene)           		364	395
BAO 9 (Bisaminophenyloxadiazole)               		365	395
Calcophor White Standard Solution              		365	435
Nuclear Yellow                                 		365	495
Pyrozal Brilliant Flavin 7GF                   		365	495
Serotonin                                      		365	520-540
SITS (Stilbene Isothiosulphonic acid)          		365	460
True Blue                                      		365	420-430
Uvitex SFC                                     		365	435
Blancophor SV                                  		370	435
Calcien Blue                                   		370	435
Calcofluor RW Solution                         		370	440
Leucophor PAF                                  		370	430
Phorwite BKL                                   		370	430
Phorwite RPA                                   		375	430
Calcophor White ABT Solution                   		380	475
Leucophor SF                                   		380	465
Phorwite Rev                                   		380	430
Coumarin-Phalloidin                            		387	470
Blancophor FFG Solution                        		390	470
Tetracycline                                   		390	560
Tinopol CBS                                    		390	4.3
Leucophor WS                                   		395	465
5-Hydroxy Tryptamine (5-HT)                    		400	530
Cascade Blue                                   		400	425
3-Hydroxypyrene 5,8,10-Tri Sulfonic acid       		403	513
FIF (Formaldehyde Induced Fluorescence)        		405	435
Gloxalic Acid                                  		405	460
Catecholamine                                  		410	470
Primuline                                      		410	550
Pyronine                                       		410	540
Uranine B                                      		420	520
Quinacrine Mustard                             		423	503
Lucifer Yellow CH                              		425	528
ACMA                                           		430	474
Berberine Sulphate                             		430	550
Brilliant Sulphoflavin FF                      		430	520
Diphenyl Brilliant Flavine 7GFF                		430	520
Euchrysin                                      		430	540
Genacryl Brilliant Yellow 10GF                 		430	485
Genacryl Yellow 5GF                            		430	475
Lucifer Yellow VS                              		430	535
Sevron Yellow L                                		430	490
Thioflavin S                                   		430	550
Thioflavin 5                                   		430	550
Acriflavin                                     		436	520
Atabrine                                       		436	490
Calcofluor White                               		440	500-520
Sevron Orange                                  		440	530
Astrazon Yellow 7 GLL                          		450	480
Aurophosphine G                                		450	580
Maxilon Brilliant Flavin 10 GFF                		450	495
Mithramycin                                    		450	570
NBD Amine                                      		450	530
Thiozol Orange                                 		453	480
Auramine                                       		460	550
Coriphosphine O                                		460	575
Maxilon Brilliant Flavin 8 GFF                 		460	495
Nylosan Brilliant Flavin E8G                   		460	510
BOBO 1                                         		462	481
BOPRO 1                                        		462	481
Phosphine 3R                                   		465	565
Acridine Yellow                                		470	550
Astrazon Orange R                              		470	540
Genacryl Pink 3G                               		470	583
Procion Yellow                                 		470	600
Rhodamine 5 GLD                                		470	565
Sulpho Rhodamine G Extra                       		470	570
Fluo 3                                         		485	503
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC)              		490	525
YO PRO 1 						491	509
Astrazon Brilliant Red 4G                      		500	585
Sevron Brilliant Red 4G                        		500	583
Acridine Orange (bound to DNA)                 		502	526
Bodipy Fl                                      		503	512
BCECF                                          		505	530
Calcium Green                                  		505	532
Ethidium Bromide                               		510	595
Thiazine Red R                                 		510	580
Rhodamine 123                                  		511	534
TOTO 1                                         		514	533
Astrazon Red 6B                                		520	595
Genacryl Brilliant Red B                       		520	590
Sevron Brilliant Red 2B                        		520	595
sulphO Rhodamine B Can C                       		520	595
Magdala Red                                    		524	600
Eosin                                          		525	545
Rhodamine 6G                                   		526	555
Erythrosin ITC                                 		530	558
Rhodamine WT                                   		530	555
Sevron Brilliant Red B                         		530	590
Propidium Iodide                               		536	617
Acid Fuchsin                                    	540	630
Rhodamine B                                    		540	625
Rhodamine BB                                   		540	580
Rhodamine BG                                   		540	572
Rose Bengal                                    		540	550-600
Xylene Orange                                  		546	580
Rhodamine B Extra                              		550	605
CY3.1 8                                        		554	568
Aminoactinomycin D                             		555	655
TRITC (Tetramethyl Rhodamine Isothiocyanate)   		557	576
Snarf 1                                        		563	639
Pararosaniline (Feulgen)                       		570	625
Lissamine Rhodamine B200 (RD200)               		575	595
XRITC                                          		582	601
Texas Red                                      		596	615
TOTO 3                                         		642	661
CY5.1 8                                        		649	666
Allophycocyanin                                		650	661
Ultralite                                      		656	678
CY7                                            		710	805
		
Nuclear Fast Red                               	   	289-530	  580
Dimethylamino-5-Sulphonic acid                 	    	310-370	  520
Dansa (Diamino Naphtyl Sulphonic Acid)         	    	340-380	  430
Fura-2                                         	    	340-380	  512
Flazo Orange                                   	    	375-530	  612
Chinacrine                                     	    	450-490	  515
Nitrobenzoxadidole                             	    	460-470	  510-650
Phycoerythrin R                                	    	480-565	  578
Nile Red                                       	    	515-530	  525-605
Rhodamine B 200                                	    	523-557	  595
Haematoporphyrin                               	    	530-560	  580
Pontochrome Blue Black                         	    	535-553	  605
Pyronine B                                     	    	540-590	  560-650
AFA (Acriflavin Feulgen SITSA)                 	 	355-425	  460
Anthroyl Stearate                              	 	361-381	  446
Aurophosphine                                  	 	450-490	  515
Acridine Red                                   	 	455-600	  560-680
Alizarin Complexon                             	 	530-560	  580
Alizarin Red                                   	 	530-560	  580
Thiolyte                                       		370-385	  477-484
5-Hydroxy Tryptamine                           		380-415	  520-530
SITS (Primuline)                               		395-425	  450





Listed Alphabetically
FLUOROCHROME                                   EXCITATION     EMISSION

3-Hydroxypyrene 5,8,10-Tri Sulfonic acid            403             513
5-Hydroxy Tryptamine                            380-415         520-530
5-Hydroxy Tryptamine (5-HT)                         400             530
Acid Fuchsin                                        540             630
Acridine Orange (bound to DNA)                      502             526
Acridine Red                                     455-600        560-680
Acridine Yellow                                     470             550
Acriflavin                                          436             520
AFA (Acriflavin Feulgen SITSA)                   355-425            460
Alizarin Complexon                               530-560            580
Alizarin Red                                     530-560            580
Allophycocyanin                                     650             661
ACMA                                                430             474
Aminoactinomycin D                                  555             655
Aminocoumarin                                       350             445
Anthroyl Stearate                                361-381            446
Astrazon Brilliant Red 4G                           500             585
Astrazon Orange R                                   470             540
Astrazon Red 6B                                     520             595
Astrazon Yellow 7 GLL                               450             480
Atabrine                                            436             490
Auramine                                            460             550
Aurophosphine                                    450-490            515
Aurophosphine G                                     450             580
BAO 9 (Bisaminophenyloxadiazole)                    365             395
BCECF                                               505             530
Berberine Sulphate                                  430             550
Bisbenzamide                                        360         600-610
BOBO 1                                              462             481
Blancophor FFG Solution                             390             470
Blancophor SV                                       370             435
Bodipy Fl                                           503             512
BOPRO 1                                             462             481
Brilliant Sulphoflavin FF                           430             520
Calcien Blue                                        370             435
Calcium Green                                       505             532
Calcofluor RW Solution                              370             440
Calcofluor White                                    440         500-520
Calcophor White ABT Solution                        380             475
Calcophor White Standard Solution                   365             435
Cascade Blue                                        400             425
Catecholamine                                       410             470
Chinacrine                                          450-490         515
Coriphosphine O                                     460             575
Coumarin-Phalloidin                                 387             470
CY3.1 8                                             554             568
CY5.1 8                                             649             666
CY7                                                 710             805
Dans (1-Dimethyl Amino Naphaline 5 Sulphonic Acid)  340             525
Dansa (Diamino Naphtyl Sulphonic Acid)              340-380         430
Dansyl NH-CH3 in water                              340             578
DAPI                                                350             470
Diamino Phenyl Oxydiazole (DAO)                     280             460
Dimethylamino-5-Sulphonic acid                      310-370         520
Diphenyl Brilliant Flavine 7GFF                     430             520
Dopamine                                            340         490-520
Eosin                                               525             545
Erythrosin ITC                                      530             558
Ethidium Bromide                                    510             595
Euchrysin                                           430             540
FIF (Formaldehyde Induced Fluorescence)             405             435
Flazo Orange                                        375-530         612
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC)                   490             525
Fluo 3                                              485             503
Fura-2                                              340-380         512
Genacryl Brilliant Red B                            520             590
Genacryl Brilliant Yellow 10GF                      430             485
Genacryl Pink 3G                                    470             583
Genacryl Yellow 5GF                                 430             475
Gloxalic Acid                                       405             460
Granular Blue                                       355             425
Haematoporphyrin                                    530-560         580
Hoechst 33258 (bound to DNA)                        346             460
Indo-1                                              350         405-482
Intrawhite Cf Liquid                                360             430
Leucophor PAF                                       370             430
Leucophor SF                                        380             465
Leucophor WS                                        395             465
Lissamine Rhodamine B200 (RD200)                    575             595
Lucifer Yellow CH                                   425             528
Lucifer Yellow VS                                   430             535
Magdala Red                                         524             600
Maxilon Brilliant Flavin 10 GFF                     450             495
Maxilon Brilliant Flavin 8 GFF                      460             495
MPS (Methyl Green Pyronine Stilbene)                364             395
Mithramycin                                         450             570
NBD Amine                                           450             530
Nile Red                                            515-530     525-605
Nitrobenzoxadidole                                  460-470     510-650
Noradrenaline                                       340             490-520
Nuclear Fast Red                                    289-530         580
Nuclear Yellow                                      365             495
Nylosan Brilliant Flavin E8G                        460             510
Pararosaniline (Feulgen)                            570             625
Phorwite AR Solution                                360             430
Phorwite BKL                                        370             430
Phorwite Rev                                        380             430
Phorwite RPA                                        375             430
Phosphine 3R                                        465             565
Phycoerythrin R                                     480-565         578
Pontochrome Blue Black                              535-553         605
Primuline                                           410             550
Procion Yellow                                      470             600
Propidium Iodide                                    536             617
Pyronine                                            410             540
Pyronine B                                          540-590     560-650
Pyrozal Brilliant Flavin 7GF                        365             495
Quinacrine Mustard                                  423             503
Rhodamine 123                                       511             534
Rhodamine 5 GLD                                     470             565
Rhodamine 6G                                        526             555
Rhodamine B                                         540             625
Rhodamine B 200                                     523-557         595
Rhodamine B Extra                                   550             605
Rhodamine BB                                        540             580
Rhodamine BG                                        540             572
Rhodamine WT                                        530             555
Rose Bengal                                         540         550-600
Serotonin                                           365         520-540
Sevron Brilliant Red 2B                             520             595
Sevron Brilliant Red 4G                             500             583
Sevron Brilliant Red B                              530             590
Sevron Orange                                       440             530
Sevron Yellow L                                     430             490
SITS (Primuline)                                395-425             450
SITS (Stilbene Isothiosulphonic acid)               365             460
Stilbene                                            335             440
Snarf 1                                             563             639
sulphO Rhodamine B Can C                            520             595
Sulpho Rhodamine G Extra                            470             570
Tetracycline                                        390             560
TRITC (Tetramethyl Rhodamine Isothiocyanate)        557             576
Texas Red                                           596             615
Thiazine Red R                                      510             580
Thioflavin S                                        430             550
Thioflavin TCN                                      350             460
Thioflavin 5                                        430             550
Thiolyte                                        370-385         477-484
Thiozol Orange                                      453             480
Tinopol CBS                                         390             4.3
TOTO 1                                              514             533
TOTO 3                                              642             661
True Blue                                           365         420-430
Ultralite                                           656             678
Uranine B                                           420             520
Uvitex SFC                                          365             435
Xylene Orange                                       546             580
XRITC                                               582             601
YO PRO 1                                            491             509

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This is <URL:http://www.biol.sc.edu/resource/confocal.html> last modified 26 April 2001