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genetic vs induced -- genotype vs phenotype -- common garden experiment
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homology
vs analogy
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importance of heritable variation
Thomas
Hunt Morgan: 'It is the prerogative of science...to cherish those [hypotheses]
that can be given an experimental verification and to disregard the rest,
not because they are wrong, but because they are useless.'
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Darwin
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Traditional answer--Divine Creator
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Darwin The
Origin of Species (1859)
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Deductions and tests of Darwin
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variation---had data
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some offspring die---had data
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differential survival---logic only plus analogy to artificial selection
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inherited variation---problem for Darwin, now data
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fossils---had data -- very important if to find transitional forms
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fossils different from extant organisms---had data
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transitional forms or missing links---had data
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see change of one species into another---problem for Darwin, now data
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age of Earth great---had data
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Properties of an ideal example of evolution
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can observe live individuals
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can document mechanisms of differential mortality
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has excellent fossil record showing change over time with intermediates
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three
spined stickleback fishes
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behavioral and population genetic data on extant forms and their morphology
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interplay of genetically determined morphological traits, such as the pelvic
girdle, with success of predators is well documented
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excellent fossil record of morphological traits known to be important in
affecting differential survival of individuals.